Switzerlandの税務居住ルール：183日テスト
183日のしきい値
Switzerlandにおける183日ルールの仕組み
Switzerland triggers residency at 90 days for those with gainful employment, or 183 days without. Cantonal rules vary.
暦年（1月〜12月）. これは、日数カウントが毎年1月1日にリセットされることを意味します。前年の日数は繰り越されません。
183日を超えると、Switzerlandは税務居住者としてあなたの全世界所得に課税する可能性があります。具体的な影響は、個人の状況、適用される租税条約、所得の種類によって異なります。
日数のカウント方法
Switzerland creates a tax residence presumption at 30 days of continuous stay if you take up gainful employment, or at 90 days of continuous stay even without work. Federal law sets the baseline, but the 26 cantons each apply their own rates and a few procedural variations on top.
1日とみなされる条件
The continuous stay tests look at uninterrupted presence. Short trips abroad usually do not reset the count, but a clear departure with no Swiss base behind you does.
日数以外の判定基準
A home in Switzerland that you intend to keep using, whether owned or rented, establishes residency under the "domicile" test on its own, regardless of day count. Tax residency follows where you actually spend most of your time and where your principal residence sits.
特別税制
Several cantons run a lump sum taxation regime (Pauschalbesteuerung) for wealthy foreign nationals who do not work in Switzerland. The tax base is calculated from your living expenses rather than your worldwide income. Federal lump sum tax was abolished years ago, so today it is purely a cantonal product.
租税条約
Swiss treaties typically follow the OECD model. Cantonal rates vary substantially, which matters more than the federal layer when you have a choice of canton.
よくある質問
How do the 30 day and 90 day rules differ?
A continuous 30 day stay combined with paid work in Switzerland creates Swiss tax residence. Without work, the trigger stretches to a continuous 90 day stay. Both are presumptions that look at the facts on the ground rather than treating the day count as an automatic switch.
Can I choose my canton for tax purposes?
Tax residence follows your actual home, so picking a low tax canton only works if you genuinely live there. Cantonal authorities scrutinise residencies that exist mostly on paper.
Is lump sum taxation still available?
Yes, in several cantons (Geneva, Vaud, Valais, Ticino, and others). It is restricted to foreign nationals without Swiss employment and is subject to minimum tax thresholds set at the cantonal level.
公式情報源: https://www.estv.admin.ch/estv/en/home.html