Résidence fiscale en Australia : le test des 183 jours
Seuil de 183 jours
Comment la règle des 183 jours fonctionne en Australia
Australia uses a complex residency test that considers domicile, 183 day presence, and ties to the country. The 183 day rule alone is not sufficient.
Plusieurs critères s'appliquent. Australia utilise plus d'un critère pour déterminer la résidence fiscale. La règle des 183 jours est un facteur, mais d'autres critères peuvent également s'appliquer.
Si vous dépassez 183 jours, Australia peut imposer vos revenus mondiaux en tant que résident fiscal. Les conséquences exactes dépendent de votre situation personnelle, des conventions fiscales applicables et du type de revenus concerné.
Comment le décompte fonctionne
Australian tax residency turns on four alternative tests written into section 6(1) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1936: a resides test that takes the ordinary meaning of the word, a domicile test, the 183 day test, and the Commonwealth superannuation test. Satisfying any one of them is enough to be classified as a resident, so the ATO usually starts at the first that fits and works through the rest only if it has to.
Ce qui compte comme un jour
The 183 day test counts days of physical presence inside a single Australian income year, which runs 1 July to 30 June. Days do not need to be consecutive, and arrival and departure days both go on the count.
Au-delà du simple décompte
The 183 day rule is rebuttable. If your usual place of abode is genuinely outside Australia and you have no plans to settle, the test will not catch you. The domicile test runs the same logic in reverse: if you were domiciled in Australia to begin with, the ATO presumes you are still resident until you can show you have built a permanent home somewhere else.
Régimes fiscaux spéciaux
Many people on working visas qualify as "temporary residents" for tax purposes. They pay Australian tax on Australian source income and on foreign employment income, but most of their other foreign income and capital gains are out of scope. Whether you qualify is a question of facts on the ground, not just what stamp is in your passport.
Conventions fiscales
Australian treaties follow the OECD model with some local tweaks. If two countries both claim you, the treaty tiebreaker can override whatever the four test domestic analysis would otherwise produce.
Questions fréquentes
Does spending 183 days in Australia automatically make me resident?
Not on its own. The 183 day test is rebuttable, so you can stay non resident if your usual place of abode is outside Australia and you have no intention of taking up residence here. The Commissioner expects that position to be genuine and supported by evidence, not just stated.
What is the resides test?
It applies the ordinary English meaning of "resides", weighing how often you are physically present, what brings you to Australia, where your family and business ties sit, where you hold your assets, and how your social life is organised. No single factor decides it.
When does the Australian tax year run?
From 1 July to 30 June. Day counts for the 183 day test use that window, not the calendar year, so a single long stay can straddle two tax years.
Source officielle: https://www.ato.gov.au/individuals-and-families/coming-to-australia-or-going-overseas
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